blow up tunnel The Fall of the Roman Empire...in 1453

Whenever we think of the decline of the Roman Empire, we often think that the once beautiful and vibrant Roman city was overwhelmed by hordes of barbarians, mostly from Modern Germany, in fact, this does happen in 476 ads.This is the first time Rome has fallen into the hands of barbarians;Half a century ago, the city was fired by a German barbarian general named alarrick.But 476 of the ads mark the official end of Rome, which we are all familiar.
The last emperor, Romulus Augustus, who ruled Rome from the Eternal City, was driven out, and the Western Roman Empire fell into destruction.It seems sad, but to some extent, the decline of Rome is inevitable, as the Empire continues to expand from the capital, so it becomes more difficult to govern.Rome angered and accelerated its decline by incorporating the Germanic barbarians they conquered into the empire.
At first they allowed the men to join the army, but then they decided to grant the Roman citizenship to all.It is important to note that for many, Rome exists as an idea, more specifically an idea of how to deal with justice and how to express itself in daily life.However, the idea is irrelevant for the Germanic people, whose loyalty to Rome often extends only to commanders and money.
In fact, most people have never seen this eternal city.By the third century AD, many Roman generals became so powerful that they did not hesitate to declare themselves emperor.In fact, in just 100, Rome was ruled by more than 40 different emperors, and many would not even speak Latin, nor would it be a Roman.
So when the West was in chaos, another part of the Roman Empire flourished.In history, the Eastern Empire was called the Byzantine Empire.However, these citizens collectively consider themselves Romans.
The most famous Byzantine Emperor was Constantine, an emperor, and the first Roman emperor to formally accept Christianity;He also took an extraordinary step to move the capital from Rome to the eastern city across the Bosphorus River.Originally known as Byzantine, Constantine changed the name to Constantine in 324 AD, the same year he established it as the capital of the Empire.The reason he did so was simple;The West is in chaos, he was also born in Croatia and may speak better Greek than Latin, and finally, the eastern provinces are richer and more prosperous than the declining western provinces.
As a sign of this dramatic shift, the population of Constantine Constantinople has surged, while the population of Roma has decreased from 500,000 of their health to an astonishing 80,000.Not only did the Byzantine people consider themselves Romans, but they continued to use Roman law.In 533 AD, Emperor chastini published a large chronicle known as "digest", compiling all laws;Essentially, it is a huge enrichment of all the existing Latin legal books.
Chastinini is undoubtedly the greatest of all the Eastern emperors;He even managed to retake Rome from the barbarian's hands, though he could not hold on for a long time.In the following 1000, the Byzantine Empire was a direct continuation of the Empire of Sipiao, Marius and Caesar.In 1400 AD, even the Eastern Roman Empire began to decline, and the glorious years of Constantine and chastini were almost thousands of years apart.
Much of Asia Minor is already in the hands of the expanding Ottoman Empire.Despite the defeat of tammerlane in Ankara's 1402 incident, the decline of the Imperial City, which has more than one million people, seems inevitable.Ankara's victory may be just a measure of delay.
In 1422, Sultan Murad II besieged Sudan's powerful defense system, but it was easy to be repelled.Murad is not so much a warlord as a gentleman scholar. After his defeat, he chose to leave Byzantine.
In 1451, when Murad died, the reign of the Ottoman Empire was in the hands of his aggressive, arrogant 19-year-old son, Mehmed II, and for the next 30 years his Muslim and Christian neighbors would face war.Mehmed began to prove himself to be one of the Saints by conquering Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Balkans.The key to the success of the attack is to be able to break a seemingly indestructible city.
A five-mile long Theodosian land wall with many moat and towers.As the walls are three layers, they become stronger.In fact, for more than a thousand years, no foreign troops have entered this great city.
But Mehmed put an ace on his sleeve, in the form of a traitor Christian, who agreed to build a monster gun of nearly 30 feet in length, with a caliber of 8 inch, capable of firing a ton of shells in the direction of the target a mile away.On January 1453, Mehmed was very pleased that the gun had been completed and that the seal of approval had been obtained after the personal inspection by Ottoman Sudan.The gun was too big and needed 700 crew to shoot and transport.
Unlike his more respectful father, Mehmed has almost never complied with any treaty with Christians.He quickly occupied the Byzantine land of the Bosphorus and cut off grain supplies in Romania and southern Russia.In just five months, Sudan built a fort called Boghaz --The Kesen or throat cutter on the Bosphorus to prevent any supplies from reaching the Constantinople through the vessel.
On November 1452, a Genoa vessel foolishly ignored the blockade and was sunk with one shot in the large cannon installed inside the fort.To make matters worse, Captain Antonio Rizzo was stabbed while his men were put to death.Mehmed warns those who are not loyal not to try his extremely limited patience.
The last direct connection to the glory of Rome is now entirely at his mercy.In the winter of 1452/53, the last nail in the coffin came.First of all, the Catholic West did not help their Orthodox neighbors against a common enemy;While, it should be noted, the pope tried to enlist support for the crusades against the deadly Turks, it was in vain.
However, the campaign failed before it began, as Genoa controlled the key fortified suburb of Perah and refused to give up its lucrative but questionable neutrality.Only Venice, the arch-enemy of Genoa, has a broad and fragile Balkan colony, proving that it is an ally of Constantine.Inside the city, the old mercenary attitude was put aside because the Greeks, Mrs.
SLAs and Italians all agreed to unite before the destruction.The emperor at that time was another Constantine, the fourth such name.He was only on the throne four years ago, but he has proved himself a great speaker and an inspiring leader.
He pointed out to his people that they are all one and face common dangers.He pointed out that they should not expect the mercy of Mehmed, which may provoke the West to help them after the terrible death has been sent to the Genoa crew.In fact, these words are actually meant to comfort a clearly frightened crowd.
It's not too bad that the city has an effective combat force of 10,000 people.But when you think that mameed's army is more than 10 times the size, you can understand why many people, even ordinary people, feel that the situation is hopeless.The establishment of their first Ottoman kitchen fleet in history made them feel desperate;To make matters worse, the fleet was basically built by rebel Balkan Christians.
Even their commanders Kapudan Pasha and Suleyman balthohlu (both Bulgarian) are traitors.To the consternation of the garrison, the rebel fleet entered the southern waters of Marmara in early March 1453.It is shocking that Muslims now threaten the Marmara wall, so the emperor had to give up a garrison and send it to the wall.
On April, under the signal of the emperor himself, the gate was closed, the wooden bridge on the moat was burned, and the wall was guarded.The last great city of the Roman Empire is now besieged and completely isolated from the rest of the world.Five days later, Mehmed arrived with most of the army and set up a camp under the walls.
The Byzantine were the main fortifications and managed to reinforce the huge wall of land which was relatively weak before.Konstantin finally chose to leave the wall of the sea along Marmara and Golden Horn Bay, which is understandable as intelligence reports tell them that Mahed will focus his attacks onIn April, the Ottoman fleet tried to break through the Golden Horn from the sea wall to Pela, but failed, while the Army dealt with two peripheral forts, Therapia and Studius.Both men held on for two days before they surrendered.
Mehmed failed to live up to his reputation for violence by ordering the defenders to be beheaded as a clear warning to junshettino that the same terrible fate awaits them.However, the evil of Muhammad will only make Christians more determined to fight to the end, rather than surrender to such a cruel tyrant.The third fort on Prikipo Island saw garrison bunr himself alive, not surrender to Mehmed.
Three days later, the Ottoman artillery began a relentless bombing of the land wall that lasted for six weeks.The monster gun of the Urban hills is fired seven times a day, but the damage caused is easily fixed by diligent defenders.Wall opposite Lycus Valley, AprilThe weakest part of the land wall has collapsed, but the firm Byzantine led by Italian general Giustiani Longo fixed it before it was completely breached.
Earlier, Mehmed ordered his men to fill the moat and launch his first attack, which proved to be a disaster.He lost 400 people, but the Christian Knight was unscathed.It helps to remind the ruthless Sultan that it would not be a walking tour for himself to claim that Constantine.
Morale is high in defense and within the city;There is still strength and honor in the Roman Empire.48 hours later, a small fleet of well-equipped Italian merchant ships broke the Ottoman blockade with little problem while using cannons.Their arrival brought good news, but more importantly, they needed more food, which helped boost morale.
Mehmed witnessed everything with his own eyes and he was very angry and fired balthochlu on the spot and turned him into an ordinary sailor.But as Mehmed managed to move his kitchen on the Pera land side rolling logs to the golden corner, it seems that the luck of running with the garrison has expired.Like the South, the last Roman city is now under threat from the north.
The Genoa and Venetian decided to use the fire ship to launch a brave but reckless night attack.The attack failed. the two allies began to quarrel with each other and accused each other of treason.The emperor was understandably disgusted with the actions of Italy and told them: the war outside our door was enough for us.
For God's mercy will not cause war between you.May the Turks launch two failed night attacks on the Lycus part of the wall.Halmed, now discouraged, and his big Minister, Halil Pasha, urged him to give up the siege altogether.
In a burst of anger, Mehmed turned around and gave the old man a violent dress up and told him that he would get the Apple of rumconstantinople (Constantinople) no matter what price he paid.At this time, one of the ways to weaken a city as big and spectacular as junxantino is through underground tunnels, thanks to the expertise of the Serbs in his ranks, he began digging a series of tunnels, destroying and destroying the wall of land.Fortunately, however, the Byzantine was cleverly led by Sir John Grant, the Scottish crusader knight, in an anti-excavation effort, and his hard work was able to offset Turkey's efforts.
Let the Turkish siege tower into the sea of fire.Five days later, they managed to catch the Serbian mining master who revealed the whereabouts and depth of the remaining tunnels.However, the improvement of Byzantine wealth is short-lived;A lonely Venetian sailing boat arrived with serious news that the Pope could not form a rescue force;It was totally alone in Constantine Constantinople and other Byzantine empires.
Under May's rule, there was a series of natural phenomena that seriously destroyed morale in Constantine.People seem to have realized that the city is doomed to fail, but the failure of West reinforces the sense of melancholy.There is also an old prophecy that Constantine will be ruled by an emperor named Constantine.
In the process of taking out the mother's sacred image, the holy image accidentally dropped, causing the Crow to breathe out a wave of breath out of complete disbelief.Next, the city suffered a sudden flood, and the next day the city was shrouded in a thick, mild, non-seasonal fog.The Byzantine people were very shocked and many thought it was a sign of God abandoning them and punishing them for allied with Western Catholics.
Muslim morale is a little better, and Khalil Pascha has once again forced Mahde to agree with the last major attack at the end of this month.If it fails, then Sudan agrees that he will lift the siege once and for all.May Mehmet and his generals have completed all the necessary preparations, while defenders are prepared for the upcoming violence.
On the same night, a universal mass was held at the iconic St. Sophia Cathedral, which was attended by Constantine and Catholics and Orthodox Christians.There may be 20,000 very guests.Bazouks) screamed wildly as he rushed to the land wall at high speed.
But after two hours of bloody fighting, most of the screaming Turks died on the ground.Regulars of the Anatolia Army also failed when they attacked the wall.Then, probably due to the treason or negligence of the defender, some of the surviving very guests found that the small Kerkaporta gate between the Blachernae Palace section of the wall and the main Theodosian wall had been kept a little bit.
All of a sudden, a large influx of Turks into the gate, traveling between the two walls, therefore, few defenders were able to block the tide.In the battle of the main outer wall, Long Ge was fatally wounded and instead of continuing the fight, he chose to be evacuated to the port, which heralds a disastrous result.The Genoa fought with extraordinary determination and courage until that time, and saw their commanders lying on a stretcher and leaving, they panicked and followed their wounded leader to the port.
The Emperor's urgent demand for the Dragon to stay left them deaf, and the Venetian roared in protest against the perceived betrayal of Genoa.The Turks were already able to open the gate at this time and flocked in groups, where, including a small group of defenders in Constantine's armor, were ruthlessly cut down where they stood.The Gatera fought against some terrible fatalism, probably because they believed that the struggle with the pagans allowed them to enter heaven quickly.
The attacks by Assault med and the Turks ended in victory;Some 4000 defenders were killed and most were enslaved (the content of the claim is the case ).Churches, monasteries and houses are either burned or stained.Mehmed immediately proceeded to transform the Cathedral of St.
Sophia into a large mosque still standing today.The decline of Constantine Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire, thus marking the real end of an Roman Empire, which was originally the dream of Caesar realized by Augustus and his descendants.When the Western Empire collapsed in 476 AD, the Eastern Empire was still strong and prosperous in 1000.
But now, the decline of this great city has established the Ottoman Empire as a major threat to Europe, which will continue until their siege of Vienna failed in 1683.After that, they began to decline slowly and eventually collapsed in 1923.The modern country of Turkey was born in the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, and the current big city of Constantine is called Istanbul.